Khrustalev E.Yu.Central Economics and Mathematics Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences (CEMI RAS), Moscow, Russian Federation stalev@cemi.rssi.ru ORCID id: отсутствует SPIN-код: отсутствует
Slavyanov A.S.Bauman Moscow State Technical University (Bauman MSTU), Moscow, Russian Federation aslavianov@mail.ru ORCID id: отсутствует SPIN-код: отсутствует
Subject The research investigates that the Russian economy became less dependent on foreign imports of materials, spare parts, software and equipment needed for science-intensive production. Objectives The article comprehensively studies the dependence of the Russian economy on imports, outlines proposals for making science-intensive enterprises less vulnerable to external factors. Methods The research is based on a systems method and methods of economic analysis. Results Having analyzed the dependence on imports, we revealed key types of negative factors posing technological threats to the innovative development of the national economy. They mainly arise in production management, creation of productive means, foreign imports of materials and components. The Russian machine building was found to be almost completely dependent on foreign high-precision mixed-use machines and respective components. The Russian radio-electronic industry lags behind the global technological progress, being yet unable to supply domestically produced electronic devices to the Russian enterprises. Some top priority enterprises have automated management systems which are run by foreign experts. The prevalence of foreign equipment, materials, devices, other components and software stems from the low demand of the Russian consumers. Due to some reasons, the Russian manufacturers have not yet been able to offer high quality products to the Russian consumers. Conclusions and Relevance The import substitution program has not yet worked as it was supposed to. In certain cases, replication of foreign equipment even aggravates the situation, inhibiting the technological development and advancement. We propose demand stimulation measures by leasing the equipment, subsidizing manufacturing enterprises and consumption of national products. Finance of researches into technological equipment, materials and new generation technologies deserves a special mention.
Ключевые слова: innovative technology, competitiveness, import substitution, State aid
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